标准规范下载简介和部分内容预览:
长输管道材质标准长输管道是用于输送石油、天然气等介质的大型工程设施,其材质选择直接关系到管道的安全性、可靠性和经济性。为了确保长输管道在复杂环境下的长期稳定运行,各国均制定了严格的标准体系来规范管道材料的选择和使用。
长输管道材质标准简介
长输管道常用的材质主要包括碳钢、低合金钢以及不锈钢等。根据输送介质的性质(如压力、温度、腐蚀性)及环境条件(如地质、气候),不同管段可能选用不同的材料。国际上广泛采用的标准包括API5L(美国石油学会标准)、ISO3183(国际标准化组织标准)和GB/T9711(中国国家标准)等。
#1.碳钢与低合金钢碳钢因其成本低、强度高且易于加工的特点,成为长输管道的主要材料。API5LX系列钢材(如X42、X52、X65、X70、X80等)是最常见的选择,其中“X”代表屈服强度等级。随着技术进步装配式建筑施工安全技术规范db11t 2004-2022,更高强度级别的钢材逐渐应用于高压或大口径管道建设中。低合金钢通过添加少量合金元素(如锰、铬、镍),进一步提高钢材的韧性和抗腐蚀性能。
#2.防腐蚀材料长输管道通常需要面对复杂的土壤环境和内部介质腐蚀问题。因此,选材时需考虑抗H₂S、CO₂等腐蚀的能力。例如,对于含硫化氢的天然气输送,可选用抗硫化物应力裂纹(SSC)的钢材,并遵循NACEMR0175/ISO15156标准。
#4.环境适应性在寒冷地区,管道材料需具有优异的低温韧性;而在高温条件下,则应关注蠕变和持久强度。此外,表面涂层(如三层PE防腐层)也是保障管道免受外部侵蚀的重要措施。
总之,长输管道材质标准不仅涉及材料本身的技术参数,还综合考量了经济性、施工便利性和全生命周期管理等因素。未来,随着新材料的研发和应用,长输管道将更加高效、安全和环保。
heheatandproductanalysisinmax.Valuesinwe
Mn S1 0.15 6 1.60 0.50 0.007 0.025 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.0005 0.0
The min.content ofMn is 1.10%and the average1.20 to1.35% V+Nbmax:0,10% V+Nb+Ti ≤ 0.12%
nin.content of Mn is 1.10% and the average 1.20 Nbmax:0,10% Ib+Ti≤0.12%
MaterialswithV+Nbs0,06%andV+Nb+Tis0,07%canbesuppliedfrom themillsonrequest a highercostparticularlyforbiggerwall thicknesses.Alot of materialsinstock meetshallthese requirements
CE=C+MN+Cr+Mo+V+Cu+Ni≤0,43(heat&product) 6 S 15 Pcm=C+Si+Mn+Cu+Cr+Ni+Mo+V+5B≤0,25(heat &product) 30 20 60 15 10
A lot of thematerial in stockshallmeet< 0.22
3. Desulphurization
Manganesesulphidesaretypical inclusions inallmanganesealloyedsteels.They arenotdesired because of their tendencyto segregateas theyreduce themetallicbinding.Thisresults in reducingtheimpactstrengthespeciallytransversetothemainrollingdirection.Themost importantmeasureagainstthisistoreducethesulphurcontent.Wespecifymax.0.oo7%
Belowshallbethevaluesforthemechanicalpropertiesforthemodifiedquality:
Yield strength (Rp0.2) Tensile strength (Rm) Elongation (2") Yield/tensileratio Hardness Testingposition
Yield strength (Rp0.2) Tensile strength(Rm) Elongation (2") Yield/tensileratio Hardness Testingposition
5.Yieldpointandtensilestrengthatelevatedtemperatures
Thesevalues arenotspecified unlessthisrequirementsisaskedforintheorder.Thetest temperaturemustthenbespecified.Atestwillbeperformedatextracost.
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6. Notched bar impact toughness
Min.requirements(10x10specimen)
UC +20°℃+40°℃÷50°℃ Average 80J 72J 64J 56J Single 64J 56J 48J 40J
requirementstransverse:≥219.1mmoutsidediam
0°℃ +20°C+40°C+50°℃ Average 56J 48J 44 J 36J Single 43 J 36J 36J 28J
0°℃ +20°℃+40°C+50°℃ 80J 72J 64J 56J 64J 56J 48J 40J
0°℃ +20°℃ +40°℃+50°℃ 56J 48J 44 J 36J 43J 36J 36J 28J
Pleasenotethatthevaluesobtainedinpractisenormallyarefarabovethemin.requirements
asenotethatthevaluesobtainedinpractisenormallyarefarabovethemin.requirements
7. Trough thickness test (TTT) acc. to SEL 096
8.Ultrasonictesting
Thisisanautomaticinlineprocessmostsuitableforseamlesspipe.Uponagreement,allpipe canbeultrasonicallytestedforlaminations.Thistest isnormallytakenat the endsof thepipe.A pipeoftenarecutduringmountingandwelding,thistestisnormallydoneatsite
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Whenquenchedandtempered,thepipeareheatedtonormalisingtemperatureforca.30min. and thencooled inwater.Temperingwilltakeplaceat approx.640°Cfor60min.and thencoole instill air.
11.Physicalproperties(referencevalues)
11.Physicalproperties(referencevalues)
12.Hardness
13. Grain size
14.Hot and cold forming
15.Weldingandflamecutting
16. Tolerances
ThetolerancesareinaccordancewithAPl
hetolerancesareinaccordancewithAPl5L
Foroutsidediameteruptoandinc
Foroutsidediameteruptoandinc
厂房地坪改造工程环氧地坪施工方案Wall thicknessuptoand incl.
Wall thicknessupto and incl
17.Testingfrequency
地铁轨道人工散铺法施工工艺流程457 mm: ±0,75% >457 mm: ± 1% 457 mm: +15%, +12,5% >457mm: +17,5% +10%
eviationfromastraightlineshallnotexceed0,2%
Forthemechanicalproperties,thefollowingtest willbe applicable:1specimen(and/orset of specimen)perlotaccordingtoAPlspec.5L.Forlotsandheatexceeding40tonsat least 2 specimens.Forthenotchbarimpact toughnessthefollowingtestwillbeapplicable:1setof specimenswith3singlespecimensperlotandperheatasperAPl