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SBC303 沙特地基与基础设计规范.pdfThe Saudi BuildingCode for Soils and foundations referred to as SBC303, providesminimum requirementsforfooting and foundation systems in those areas not subject to scour or water pressure bywind and wave action.Buildings and foundations subject to such scour or water pressureloads shall be designed in accordancewithSBC301.Thisrequirement shallgoverninallmatterspertaining to design, construction, and material properties wherever this requirement is in conflict withrequirements contained in other standards referenced in this requirement.
SECTION 1.3 DEFINITIONS
Thefollowing words and terms shall,for the purposes of this code,havet meaningsshownherein
AcceptanceLevel.Acceptancelevel is thevibration level (displacement,velocity, or acceleration)at which amachine canrun indefinitely without inducingvibration relatedmaintenance.
DB51T 660-2007 猪肉中己烯雌酚残留检测方法－酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法Active Zone.Active zone is the upper zone of the soil deposit which is affected by theseasonalmoisturecontentvariations.
AllowableLateralPressure.Allowablelateral pressureis a lateral pressure exerted due to a foundation or earth pressure,which can be safely tolerated without causingneithershearfailurenordetrimentallateral movement. Augered Uncased Piles. Augered uncased piles are piles constructed by depositing concrete into an uncased augered hole, either during or after the withdrawal oftheauger
Augered Uncased Piles. Augered uncased piles arepiles constructed depositing concrete into an uncased augered hole, either during or after t withdrawal oftheauger.
Building Official.Building official means the officer or other designated authority charged with the administration and enforcement of this code, or his duly authorizedrepresentatives.
Compaction.Compactionisincreasingthedrydensityofsoilsbymeanssuchas impactorbyrollingthesurfacelayers.
Contact Pressure. Contact pressure or soil pressure is the pressure acting at and oerpendicular tothe contact area betweenfooting and soil,produced by theweight ofthefootingand all forces actingon it.
DistortionResistance.Distortion resistance corresponds to moment resistance to bendingofbeams,columns,footingsand jointsbetweenthem
Erosion.Erosion is the wearing away of the ground surface as a resu movement of windand water
Excavation.Excavation is the mechanical or manual removal of earth mat
Expansion Joints.Expansion joints are intentional plane of weakness between oarts ofa concrete structure designed to prevent the crushing and distortion, including displacement, buckling,warpingofabutting concretestructuralunitsthat might otherwise be developed by expansion, applied loads, or differential movements arising fromthe configuration ofthe structure or its settlement.
Flexural Length.Flexural length is the length of the pilefrom the first point zerolateral deflection totheunderside ofthepile cap orgrade beam. Footing.Footing is that portion of the foundation of a structure which spreads a transmits loads directlv to thesoil
uralLength.Flexurallengthisthelengthofthepilefromthefirstpointof lateral deflection to the underside of the pile cap orgradebeam.
Footing.Footing is that portion of the foundation of a structure which spreads ar transmits loads directly to the soil
Foundation.Foundation is the portion of a structure which transmits the building loadtotheground
Geotechnical Engineering.Geotechnical engineering is the application of the orinciples of soils and rock mechanics in the investigation, evaluation and desigr of civil works involving theuse of earth materials and the inspection and/or testing of the construction thereof.
Grade.Gradeistheverticallocationofthegroundsurface.
GradeBeam.Grade beam is a continuous beam subjectto flexurelongitudinally, loadedbythelineofcolumns it supports.
Group U Occupancy. See SBC 2
roup U Occupancy.See SBC201
InfluenceZone.Influencezoneisthezoneunderthefoundationlyinginsidethe vertical stress contoursofvalueO.1of appliedpressure.
Lateral Sliding Resistance. Lateral sliding resistance is the resistance of structural walls or foundations to lateral sliding, and it is controlled by interface frictionand vertical loads.
Machine Support/FoundationSystem.Machine support/foundation systemis a system consisting of the machinery (train) including base plate and the foundation, support structure plus all piers,equipmentand process piping supported onthe foundation or machinery. The supporting soil,piling or structure shall be consideredpart ofthemachinefoundation system.
Mat Area. Mat area is the contact area between mat foundation and supporting soil.
Mat Foundation.Mat foundation is a continuous footing supporting an array columnsinseveral rowsineachdirection,havingaslablikeshapewithorwitho depressions or openings, covering an area of atleast 75%of the total area with theouterlimits oftheassembly
MixedSystem.Amixedsystemisamachine support/foundationsystemhaving one or more of its natural frequencies below and the rest above the operating frequency (range) of the machinery (train)
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction.Modulus of subgrade reaction is the rat oetweenthe vertical pressure against thefooting ormat and thedeflection at pointofthesurfaceofcontact.
Mortar.Mortar is a mixture of cementitious material and aggregate to which sufficient water and approved additives, if any, have been added to achieve a workable,plasticconsistency
NaturalFrequency.Naturalfrequencyisthefrequencywithwhichanelast systemvibratesundertheactionofforcesinherentinthesystemandint absenceofanyexternallyappliedforce
Pressed Edge. Pressed edge is the edge of footing or mat along which the greate soil pressure occursunderthe condition of overturning
RegisteredDesignProfessional.Registereddesignprofessionalisanindividual whoisregisteredorlicensedtopracticetherespectivedesignprofessionasdefined oythestatutoryrequirementsoftheprofessionalregistrationlawsofthestateor urisdiction in which theproject is to be constructed.
ReinforcedConcrete.Reinforcedconcreteisstructuralconcretereinforcedw nolessthantheminimum amounts of nonprestressedreinforcementspecified SBC304
Reinforcement.Reinforcement ismaterial thatconformstoSBC304 Section3.5. excludingprestressingsteelunlessspecificallyincluded.
Retaining Walls.Retaining walls are structures that laterally support and provide stability for soils or other materials,where existing conditions do not provide stabilitywithneithernatural norartificial slope.
together by strongbondings or attractive forces and have some degree of chemical andmineralogicalconstancy.
RockQualitvDesignation.Rockqualitydesignation.ROD,isanindexon measureofthequalityofarockmass,andiscalculatedassummationoflengthof ntactpiecesof coregreaterthanloOmminlengthdividedbythewholelengthof coreadvance
Shallow Foundations. Shallow foundations are foundations with their depths le or equal to their widths
ShallowFoundations.Shallowfoundationsarefoundationswiththeirdepthsle or equal to theirwidths. Shoring.Shoring is theprocess of strengthening the side of excavationduri construction stage
Shoring. Shoring is the process of strengthening the side of excavation during construction stage
Slope.Slopeis the inclined surfaceof anypart oftheearth's surface. Soils.Soils areuncemented or weakly cemented accumulation of solidparticl hat haveresulted fromthedisintegrationof rocks
Soil mechanics. Soil mechanics is the branch of geotechnical engineering that deals with the physical properties of soil and thebehavior of soil masses subjected
Soil mechanics.Soil mechanics is the branchof geotechnical engineeringth deals withthephysical properties of soil and thebehavior of soil masses subject
to various types of forces.It appliesthe basicprinciples of mechanics including kinematics, dynamics, fluid mechanics, and the mechanics of materials to soils Spiral reinforcement.Spiral reinforcement is continuously wound reinforcement in the form of a cylindrical helix. Spread Footing. Spread footing is a concrete pad supporting column load. It can
SpreadFooting.Spreadfootingisaconcretepadsupportingcolumnload.Itcan takearectangular,squareoracircularshapeandhavingauniformortapered thickness not less than 250 mm
SpringConstant.Springconstantisthesoilresistanceinloadperunitdeflection obtained astheproduct of the contributoryarea and coefficient of vertical subgradereaction
Support/Foundation. Support/foundation is the part of the machine support not supplied by the equipment manufacturer as part of the machinery (train).This may include but is not limited to piers, concrete mat or block, pilings, steel structures.anchorbolts and embedded foundationplates
Surcharge. Surcharge is the load applied to ground surface above a foundatio retaining wall, or slope.
SwellPressure.Swell pressureis themaximum applied stress requiredto maintain constantvolumeof an inundated sample inthe oedometer.
Total Core Recovery.Total core recovery, TCR, is the total length of rock piec recovereddividedbythetotal lengthof coreadvance.
Underpinning.Underpinning is the process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundation of an existing building or other structure. Underpinning may be necessary for a variety of reasons including,but not limited to, the original 2007 1/8
Underpinning. Underpinning is the process of strengthening and stabilizing the foundation of an existing building or other structure. Underpinning may be necessary for a variety of reasons including, but not limited to, the original 2007 1/8
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
SECTION2.1 GENERAL
Site investigations shall be conducted in conformance with Sections 2.2 through 2.6.Where required by the building official, the classification and investigation of the soil shall be made by a registered design professional
Objectives. Site investigation shall be planned and executed to deterr
SECTION 2.2
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
Problematic soils.In areas likely to have expansive, collapsible, or sabkha soils, the building official shall require site investigation to determine where such soils do exist.
Seismic Design Category C.Where a structure is determined tobe in Seismic DesignCategoryCinaccordance with Chapters9through16of SBC301,an investigation shall be conducted,and shall include an evaluation ofthefollowing potential hazards resultingfrom earthquakemotions: slope instability,liquefaction and surfaceruptureduetofaultingorlateral spreading
SeismicDesignCategoryD.WherethestructureisdeterminedtobeinSeismic DesignCategoryD,inaccordancewithChapters9through16ofSBC301,thesoils investigationrequirementsforSeismicDesignCategoryC,given inSection2.2.5 shallbemet,inadditiontothefollowing.Theinvestigationshallinclude:
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
SECTION 2.3
SOIL CLASSIFICATION
Where required, soils shall be classified in accordance with Sections 2.3.1, 2.3 2.3.3,0r2.3.4
Expansive soils.Soils meeting all four of thefollowing provisions shallbe considered expansive.CompliancewithItems1,2and 3shall notberequired if the testprescribed in Item4is conducted: Plasticity indexof 15 orgreater,determined in accordancewithASTMD 4318. 2. More than 10 percent of the soil particles pass a No.200 sieve (75 micrometers),determined inaccordancewithASTMD422. 3. Morethan10percentof the soil particles areless than5micrometers insize determined in accordance with ASTM D 422. Expansionindexgreaterthan20,determinedinaccordancewithASTMD 4829.
Collapsible soils. Soils meeting all four of the following provisions shall be considered collapsible. Compliance with Items 1, 2 and 3 shall not be required if the test prescribed in Item 4 is conducted: Desiccated Alluvial (Wadi) soils 2. Dry field density less than 17kN/m°determined in accordance with ASTM D1556 3. Claycontent10to30percent,determined inaccordancewithASTMD422 4. Collapse index greater than 1 percent, determined in accordance with ASTM D5333
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
INVESTIGATION
Number of boreholes. The minimum number of boreholes in a given site shall be taken in accordance with Table 2.1 and its provisions.The values included in Table2.1shallbeconsideredasminimumguideline.
Depth of boreholes.The depth of boreholes shall cover all strata likely to be ffected by the loads from the building and adjacent buildings. The minimum depthofboreholesshallbetakenfromTable2.1
SECTION 25
SOILBORINGANDSAMIPLING
The soil boring and sampling procedure and apparatus shall be in accordance with generally accepted engineering practice. The registered design professional shall have a fully qualified representative on the site during all boring and sampling operations.
Soil boring and sampling of expansive soils.In areaslikelytohave expansive oilsthefollowingshallbetakenintoconsiderations: Airdrilling shall beused tomaintainthe natural moisture contents of the samplesmoreeffectively. 2 The use of lubricant that might react with the soil and change its properties shallbeavoided.
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
3 The depth of sampling shall be at least as deep as theprobable depth to which moisture changes will occur (active zone) but shall not be less than 1.5 timestheminimumwidthofslabfoundationstoamaximumof30meters and aminimum ofthreebasediametersbeneath thebaseof shaft foundations. 4. Undisturbed samples shall be obtained at intervals of not greater than1500 mmof depth.Samplinginterval maybeincreasedwithdepth. 5. A coating of wax shall bebrushed on the samplebeforewrapping 6. The outer perimeter of the sample shall be trimmed during thepreparation of specimens for laboratory tests, leaving the moreundisturbed inner core. 7. The sample shall be taken as soon as possible, after advancing the hole to the proper depth and cleaning out thehole, and personnel shallbe well trained to expeditepropersampling,sealing,and storageinsamplecontainers.
Soil boring and sampling of collapsible soils. In areas likely to have collapsible soilsthefollowingshallbetakenintoconsiderations: 1 Air drilling shall be used to maintain the natural moisture contents of the samples. 2. The depth of sampling shall be at least as deep as the probable depth to which moisture changeswill occur but shall not be less than 2 timesthe minimumwidthof footingtoamaximumof30metersandaminimumof threebasediametersbeneaththebaseof shaftfoundations. 3. Undisturbed samples shall be obtained at intervals of not greater than1500 mm ofdepth. 4. Intheeventundisturbed samples cannotbeobtained from aborehole,test pits shall be excavated to sufficient depth and drydensity of the soil shall be measured at various horizons inthepit. 5. Where possible,hand carved undisturbed samples taken in a vertical directionshallbeobtainedforodometertesting.Alternately,plateload test in unsoaked and soaked conditions shall be performed to determine the most critical collapsepotential belowfoundationlevel.
SITE INVESTIGATIONS
SECTION 2.6 REPORTS
SECTION 2.6
EXCAVATION.GRADINGANDFILI
EXCAVATION,GRADINGANDFILL
SECTION3.1 GENERAL
NY/T 2157-2012 梨主要病虫害防治技术规程SECTION 3.2
EXCAVATION.GRADINGANDFILI
SECTION 3.3
SECTION3.3
EXCAVATIONSNEAR FOOTINGS OR FOUNDATIONS
DB33T 2054-2017 乡镇(街道)综合文化站服务规范Excavations for buildings shallbe carried out as not to endanger life or property. Excavations foranypurposes shall not removelateral supportfrom anyfooting or foundation without first underpinning or protecting the footing or foundation against settlement or lateral translation.Proper underpinning, sequence of construction,and method of shoring shallbe approved by a registered design professional and carried out immediately after start of excavation.Underpinning systemshallbeperiodicallycheckedforsafetyassurance
SECTION 3.5