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悬索桥Cable Stayed Bridges.pdfFig 25BrooklynBridge,United States,1883
improved the anchorages for the stays and replaced timbe parapets by rolled steel uprights, so as to increase the stiffness ofthe deck It was not until 1899 that the French engineer A Gisclard further advanced the development of stayed bridges by the introduction of a new system of hangers, at the same time
NY/T 2338-2013 亚麻纤维细度快速检测 显微图像法CABLE STAYED BRIDGE
Fig. 2.6.A/bert Bridge, England, 1872
HISTORICAL REVIEW
Fig.2.7.Bridge at Cassagne, France, 1899
Fig2.9TempufAqueduct,Spain,1926
Fig.2.10 Railway bridge over the Elbe, Germany.1938
Their economyon the other In 1955hebuilt thebridge at Stromsund (Fig2.11),considered today as the first modern steel cable stayed bridge Following this success, the potential advantages of cable stayed bridges were progressively recognised and exploited Subsequently,a great number of such structures were built all over the worldAt first,onlya fewvery strong concentrated stays were introduced as a substitute for piers, which would have hindered navigation.The most outstanding examples of such concepts can be found in the city of Duisseldorf, Germany Since all the bridges had been destroyed during the war, the city architect, Professor Tamms, insisted that for their replacement cable stayed bridges of similar,but not identical, harp configuration should be erected (see Fig 3.15) These are the Theodor
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
Fig. 2.11.Bridge at Stromsund, Sweden,1955
Fig.2.14. MaracaiboBridge,Venezuela,7962
HISTORICAL REVIEW
ig.2.15.Friedrich Ebert Bridge,Germany.1967
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
Fig.2.16.Impression of the Grand Viaduc de Mi
g.2.76.Impression of theGrand Viaduc deMillat
with his proposal for the crossing of the Strait of Messina (Fig 3.22),that spans of 1750 m and more are perfectly feasible. Inadditiontotheirstructural andeconomical advantages, cable stayed bridges owe their popularity to their elegant transparent appearance They offer great freedom of formal expression which many architects have tried to exploit. In this field, good cooperation between engineers and architects can indeed be very helpful The audacious Grand Viaduc de Millau (Fig 2.16), due to be built in the near future over the Tarn Valley some 250m above the ground with continuous spans of 340m,is an excellent example of such a fruitful collaboration. However, the search for originality at any price leads some architects to conceive cable stayed bridges which violate statical reasonableness so ostensibly that the genuine beauty of this type of structure is all but lost
Bibliocraphy
HISTORICALREVIEW
3. General design
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
19 3.3.4. Compositedecks 3.3.5. Special designs 53 60 19 19 3.4. Pylons 22 3.4.1 Introduction 63 25 3.4.2 63 Longitudinal configuration 37 3.4.3 63 Transverse configuration 3.4.4. Operational qualities required and 64 39 constructional details 39 Aestheticsand economy 68 3.4.5. 42 3.4.6 Choice of materials 69 43 71 References
3.1introduction
GENERALDESIGN
32.L.ayoutofcablestays
The layout of the cable stays is one of the fundamental items in the design of cable stayed bridges It influences, in fact, not only the structural perfotmance of the bridge, but also the method of erection and the economics In the transverse direction, the majority of existing structures consist of two planes of cables,generally on the edges of the structure (Fig 36(b)) However, several bridges have been successfully built recently with only one central plane of cabies (Fig 3.6(a). In principle, it is quite
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
2. (above and facing page).Knie Bridge Duisseldorf.(
GENERAL DESIGN
Fig.3.5.Bridge with crossed stays
322Numberof planes
221.Central suspension systems
Centrai suspension syster
GENERAL DESIGN
Fig3.6.Transverselayoutofstays
Fig.3.7Longitudinallayout of stays
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
(b) Cable stayed bridges provided with vertical lateral suspension The stays, which are in tension and almost rectilinear, ensure a more rigid connection between the pylons and the deck. The deformations of the latter are thus due only to the moderate variations of the stresses in the cables and the deformations of the pylons. Vertical suspension does not give rise to any clearance problem above the deck. The width of the deck depends on the minimum distance required for the arms of the Pylons.It is possible to reduce this even further by placing these arms outside the deck, beyond the plane of the stays. It is then generally necessary to balance the transverse bending of the pylon, introduced by the deviation of the cables, by means of uppe bracing The erection of pylons consisting of vertical arms is simple and economical
323Longitudinal layout
3.2.31.Harppatteri
3.231.Harp patteri
Whilst the harp pattern is not the best from the static or conomic point of view,it is attractive because of its undeniable aesthetic advantages The fact that the cables
GENERAL DESIGN
At first sight, the fan pattern appears less attractive, from the aesthetic point of view, than the harp pattern, because oi the optical effect of the crossing of the cables, depending on
GENERAL DESIGN
GENERAL DESIGN
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
g.3.10 Deformationsofthe structure,depending on the ensionmethodadopted
l NewBurrardinletCrossing,Vancouver:proposal
GENERAL DESIGN
Fig. 3.12. Severin Bridge, Cologne, Germany
Fig. 3.13. Lateral suspension: distribution of transverse forces
stay in the Pylon, and for aesthetic reasons, the first bay is generally somewhat laiger than thenormal cable spacingthroughoutthe bridge
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
Fia 3.14(a) Proposal for the Rhone Bridae at Riddes. Switzerland
Fia 3.14(a) Proposa/for the Rhone Bridae at Riddes.Switzerland
GENERAL DESIGI
all view of bridges crossing the Rhine at Dusseldorf, G
CABLESTAYEDBRIDGES
GENERAL DESIGN
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
.3.18.Speyer Bridge,Ger
Fig 3 19. Lumberjack's Candle Bridge, Finland
havebeenpossibletousethetwo2mshorebaysto balance,at leastpartially,the main spanof 126m However, it must be said that the jury who awarded the first prize to this design were justifiably attracted to theoriginalityofthe architecturalconcept,which harmonises with the surrounding countryside
GENERAI DESIGN
3 20 Proposal for crossing the Ganges"in India (F.L
324 Stay spacing
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
Fig.3.21.Danube Bridge.1°Metten,Germany
GENERALDESIGN
ig.322.Proposal for crossing the Straits of Messina
Ihe spacing of 3 m mentioned seems very small for concrete deck, but this choice appears to have been dictated more by considerations of aesthetics than by criteria of economics or statics
331 General
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
(above and facing page) Bridge over the Rio Ebro. Sp
DB61T 1269-2019 村庄环卫保洁服务规范CENERAL DESIGN
GENERALDESIGN
CABLE STAYED BRIDGES
GB/T 38608-2020 油墨中可挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)含量的测定方法capacities of the stays, pylons and foundations. The following figures may be used as indications:
Ihe cost of manufacture of steel sections is, today, very high. It is thus necessary to analyse very carefully all the consequences of the choice of the deck system in order to obtain themost satisfactory overall answer.
GENERAL DESIGN